Integrated circuit example

Background

An integrated circuit, commonly referred to as an IC, is a microscopic array of electronic circuits and components that has been diffused or implanted onto the surface of a single crystal, or chip, of semiconducting material such as silicon.

Types of integrated circuit

It is called an integrated circuit because the components, circuits, and base material are all made together, or integrated, out of a single piece of silicon, as opposed to a discrete circuit in which the components are made separately from different materials and assembled later.

ICs range in complexity from simple logic modules and amplifiers to complete microcomputers containing millions of elements.

The impact of integrated circuits on our lives has been enormous. ICs have become the principal components of almost all electronic devices.

These miniature circuits have demonstrated low cost, high reliability, low power requirements, and high processing speeds compared to the vacuum tubes and transistors which preceded them. Integrated circuit microcomputers are now used as controllers in equipment such

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